How to change permissions of group and user

There are some ways to change permissions of group or ownership the files or directories. Let’s see how you can do that but if you want to know what means the permissions check this. To see files permissions use the command below:



you can change permissions in Linux by using command “chmod” like this.

you can give permissions via numbers like “764” or via characters “o+w”. And now let's give it a detailed explanation each of that ways.

Numeric mode of changing permissions:

Each permission type has numeric value:

Read is equal to 4

Write is equal to 2

Execute is equal to 1

If we want to give “read + execute” permission to some file we should write “5” because as we see below the value of «read» is “4” and for «execute» is “1” we just need to add this numbers.

in this table you can find the numeric values of permission types:

number	permission type	symbol
0	no permissions	---
1	execute	--x
2	write	-w-
3	execute + write	-wx
4	read	r--
5	read + execute	r-x
6	read + write	rw-
7	read + write + execute	rwx

i.e if I will write something like this:



it will give “read + write + execute” permission to “user” group, “read + write” permission to “group” group and “read” permission to “other” group of “myExampleFile” file.

Symbolic mode of changing permissions:

In the numeric mod you change permissions of all groups but here you can change permissions separately. To change permissions in with numbers is used some specific symbols let’s meet with them.

in this table you can find the numeric values of permission types:

operator	description
+	add permission to file or directory
-	removes the permissions
=	Sets the permission and overrides the permissions which were set earlier.

here are user detonations:

u User or owner

g group
o other
a all

and permission detonations:

r read
w write
x execute

here is an example how you can change permissions via symbols:



it means now user have read and write permissions and the rest groups permissions will remain the same.

And via this command:



we say that “other” group will not have “execute” permission. But if before remove execute permission “other” group had “read” and “write” permissions they will remain unchanged.

There are some ways to change permissions of group or ownership the files or directories. Let’s see how you can do that but if you want to know what means the permissions check this. To see files permissions use the command below:



you can change permissions in Linux by using command “chmod” like this.

you can give permissions via numbers like “764” or via characters “o+w”. And now let's give it a detailed explanation each of that ways.

Numeric mode of changing permissions:

Each permission type has numeric value:

Read is equal to 4

Write is equal to 2

Execute is equal to 1

If we want to give “read + execute” permission to some file we should write “5” because as we see below the value of «read» is “4” and for «execute» is “1” we just need to add this numbers.

in this table you can find the numeric values of permission types:

number	permission type	symbol
0	no permissions	---
1	execute	--x
2	write	-w-
3	execute + write	-wx
4	read	r--
5	read + execute	r-x
6	read + write	rw-
7	read + write + execute	rwx

i.e if I will write something like this:



it will give “read + write + execute” permission to “user” group, “read + write” permission to “group” group and “read” permission to “other” group of “myExampleFile” file.

Symbolic mode of changing permissions:

In the numeric mod you change permissions of all groups but here you can change permissions separately. To change permissions in with numbers is used some specific symbols let’s meet with them.

in this table you can find the numeric values of permission types:

operator	description
+	add permission to file or directory
-	removes the permissions
=	Sets the permission and overrides the permissions which were set earlier.

here are user detonations:

u User or owner
g group
o other
a all

and permission detonations:

r read
w write
x execute

here is an example how you can change permissions via symbols:



it means now user have read and write permissions and the rest groups permissions will remain the same.

And via this command:



we say that “other” group will not have “execute” permission. But if before remove execute permission “other” group had “read” and “write” permissions they will remain unchanged.